Thursday, March 3, 2011

Bibliography


Works Cited
"COMPLETE COLLECTION OF POEMS BY EDGAR ALLAN POE: The Raven, Alone, Annabel Lee, The Bells, Eldorado, Ulalume and More." Poetry Lovers' Page. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. <http://www.poetryloverspage.com/poets/poe/poe_ind.html>.
"A Short Biography of Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)." Edgar Allan Poe, Short Stories, Tales, and Poems. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. <http://www.poestories.com/biography.php>. 

Literary Devices

Literature devices


Perfect rhyme- bells and foretells, sprinkle and twinkle
Personification- while she gloats
Alliteration- to the turtledove that listens
Parallelism- how it, from, bells
The “tin” in the word “tintinnabulation” mimics a sound, but it isn’t onomatopoeia. This poem has four stanzas.
The poem has a lot of repetition like time and bells
Slant rhyme – floats and flows
Symbolism- Iron Bells. When Poe says iron bells, they symbolize oppression and imprisonment.
Each Stanza of the poem is a different length. It doesn’t follow a quatrain format.
Onomatopoeia- jangling, wrangling, clang, clash
This poem has a definite rhyme scheme and isn’t written in free verse.
Although Poe doesn’t use Catalog, he uses many descriptive words to help his readers picture what he is saying.
Most of Poe’s poems have an almost story like feel to them. Where as Walt Whitman’s poems just described the spirit of the American people, Poe has a more plot driven style. His poems are meant to move people throught a chain of events. Almost all of Poe’s poems have a transition of events in them. Many of these events in his poems are reflections of his own life.

The Bells has a two tone style. In the beggining, Poe portrays a light and happy world. Everything is peaceful and joyus. Starting in Stanza three, the poem takes a much darker tone. Instead of symbolizing joy and peace, the bells now symbolize pain, death, and despair.  The tone also sets the stage for the theme of the poem. Poe wrote this poem for his wife as he watched her life drain away. This poem is a direct reflection to Poe's own feelings and life. The universal theme of this poem is the progression of life and death.

Unfamiliar Words


Unfamiliar Words

Runic-having some secret or mysterious meaning: runic rhyme.
or the ancient Scandinavian class or type, as literature or poetry.

Tintinnabulation- the ringing or sound of bells.

Mellow- soft and rich, as sound, tones, color, or light.

Euphony-

a pleasing sound, esp in speech
Expostulation- earnestly protest

Palpitating- to pulsate with unusual rapidity from exertion, emotion, disease, etc.; flutter

Monody- a Greek ode sung by a single voice, as in a tragedy; lament.
a poem in which the poet or speaker laments another's death; threnody.

Paean- any song of praise, joy, or triumph.

Paraphrasing of "The Bells"


The paraphrasing of the bells


Here the silver bells ring
How happy they make the world sound
Here them ring
The cold night air
Stars over head twinkle
All the stars are out
The stars are gleaming like diamonds
The stars and bells keep rhythmic
Some mysterious rhythm
The ringing bells make music
Sound of the bells

Calm wedding bells
Happiness of the ceremony
Bells predict future of happy married couple
The wedding is refreshing
Express happiness
Absorbing rich music
How the song flows in the air
The music can be heard all the way up on the moon
The sound from the person
A rush of happy loud sounds
The bells have a extremely happy tone
The moving and sound of the bells
The rhythmic sound of bells

The bells are warning us
Brass bells
The stories of fear and bells moving
The peace is disrupted
Distinct decision
Sitting by the water
Fears of despair
The sound of the bells
How frightening when the sound comes out
On the bottom of the steady air
The ear knows about mad music
Sound of the bells
How the frightening sound urges to keep going
The ear knows
Sound of the bells
How the sound is so down and reaching
The bells sound mad because they are falling
Sound of the bells

Listen to the sound of the bells
Mellow melody contains
Quiet night
Scared with fear
Mellow villain like sound
Sound of the bells
Person who rings the church bells
By himself
Sound of the bells
Quieted one sound
Not caring
Ugly mythical creatures
A church peasant
Happy bottom grows
Church peasant
Staying on rhythm
Mysterious tone
Church peasant
Staying on rhythm
Mysterious tone
Loud bells
Sad sound of bells
Staying on rhythm
Mysterious tone
Sound of the bells
Bells talking
Sad sound of the bells in pain

The Bells

The Bells
                         I
          Hear the sledges with the bells-A
                   Silver bells! -A
   What a world of merriment their melody foretells!- A
          How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle,- B
              In the icy air of night!- C
          While the stars that oversprinkle- B
          All the heavens, seem to twinkle- B
             With a crystalline delight;- C
                Keeping time, time, time,- D
             In a sort of Runic rhyme,- D
   To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells- A
             From the bells, bells, bells, bells,- A
                   Bells, bells, bells- A
   From the jingling and the tinkling of the bells. -A

                        II

          Hear the mellow wedding bells,
                   Golden bells!
   What a world of happiness their harmony foretells!
          Through the balmy air of night
          How they ring out their delight!
            From the molten-golden notes,
                   And an in tune,
            What a liquid ditty floats
   To the turtle-dove that listens, while she gloats
                   On the moon!
          Oh, from out the sounding cells,
   What a gush of euphony voluminously wells!
                   How it swells!
                   How it dwells
            On the Future! how it tells
            Of the rapture that impels
          To the swinging and the ringing
            Of the bells, bells, bells,
          Of the bells, bells, bells,bells,
                   Bells, bells, bells-
   To the rhyming and the chiming of the bells!

                        III

          Hear the loud alarum bells-
                   Brazen bells!
   What a tale of terror, now, their turbulency tells!
          In the startled ear of night
        How they scream out their affright!
          Too much horrified to speak,
          They can only shriek, shriek,
                   Out of tune,
   In a clamorous appealing to the mercy of the fire,
   In a mad expostulation with the deaf and frantic fire,
          Leaping higher, higher, higher,
            With a desperate desire,
          And a resolute endeavor,
          Now- now to sit or never,
        By the side of the pale-faced moon.
           Oh, the bells, bells, bells!
           What a tale their terror tells
                   Of Despair!
         How they clang, and clash, and roar!
         What a horror they outpour
       On the bosom of the palpitating air!
           Yet the ear it fully knows,
                   By the twanging,
                   And the clanging,
           How the danger ebbs and flows:
           Yet the ear distinctly tells,
                   In the jangling,
                   And the wrangling,
           How the danger sinks and swells,
   By the sinking or the swelling in the anger of the bells-
                   Of the bells-
           Of the bells, bells, bells,bells,
                 Bells, bells, bells-
      In the clamor and the clangor of the bells!

                        IV

          Hear the tolling of the bells-
                   Iron Bells!
   What a world of solemn thought their monody compels!
          In the silence of the night,
          How we shiver with affright
     At the melancholy menace of their tone!
          For every sound that floats
          From the rust within their throats
                    Is a groan.
          And the people- ah, the people-
          They that dwell up in the steeple,
                   All Alone
          And who, tolling, tolling, tolling,
            In that muffled monotone,
          Feel a glory in so rolling
            On the human heart a stone-
          They are neither man nor woman-
          They are neither brute nor human-
                   They are Ghouls:
            And their king it is who tolls;
            And he rolls, rolls, rolls,
                   Rolls
              A paean from the bells!
          And his merry bosom swells
            With the paean of the bells!
          And he dances, and he yells;
          Keeping time, time, time,
          In a sort of Runic rhyme,
            To the paean of the bells-
                   Of the bells:
          Keeping time, time, time,
          In a sort of Runic rhyme,
            To the throbbing of the bells-
          Of the bells, bells, bells-
            To the sobbing of the bells;
          Keeping time, time, time,
            As he knells, knells, knells,
          In a happy Runic rhyme,
            To the rolling of the bells-
          Of the bells, bells, bells:
            To the tolling of the bells,
          Of the bells, bells, bells, bells-
            Bells, bells, bells-
    To the moaning and the groaning of the bells.

Literary Style

Literary Styles


            Poe was a rather dark figure. Most of his short stories and poems have a very dark feeling or tone to them. Poe’s poetry often acts as a map to his own life struggles. An example of this is the poem “The Bells”. Poe wrote the bells after his wife died of tuberculosis. That is why the poem goes from being peaceful and happy to very dark and menacing. Poe frequently used parallelism, alliteration, and symbolism in his writings. He almost always personified an object in his poems. Poe’s poems generally follow a fairly strict rhyme scheme. Poe seldomly ever used free verse, and generally followed a more traditional writing style. A few common themes in Poe’s poems are life, death, love, hate, lonlieness, sorrow, despair, and a general sense of darkness about the world.

Links to other Poe poems:

Biography

The Life of Edgar Allan Poe

            Edgar Allan Poe was born to David and Elizabeth Poe on January 19, 1809. For two years, Poe and his siblings Henry and Rosalie lived in Boston Massachusetts. When Poe was two years old, his parents died. His brother Henry was sent to live with their grandparents, while a wealthy merchant adopted Edgar named John Allan. John owned a successful merchant business in Richmond Virginia. When Poe was six years old, Allan sent him to boarding school in England. He returned to America after five years and continued his education. Poe went to the University of Virginia in 1826. Sadly, Poe developed a drinking problem. Broke and unable to get any help from his adopted father Allan, Poe dropped out of school.

             Lacking any true direction, Poe returned to Boston and joined up with the army. Poe advanced quickly through the ranks, becoming a sergeant after just two years. Redeemed in Allan’s eyes, Poe was sent to West Point Officer Academy. Poe was quickly dismissed for poor behavior and financial difficulties. This failure was the final blow and destroyed Poe’s and Allan’s relationship. John Allan died in 1834 and didn’t even mention Poe as his son.

            In 1831, Poe entered his short story “The Manuscript Found in a Bottle” in a contest. The owner of the Southern Literary Messenger like Poe’s work and gave him a job as an editor. In 1836, Poe married his thirteen-year-old cousin, Virginia. Once again plagued by financial difficulties, Poe move to New York City and then to Philadelphia. Poe published his first book of short stories and poems in 1839. In 1840, Poe found a job as an editor for “Graham’s Magazine”. It was here that he published on of his most famous works, “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”.

            Poe tried to run his own magazine, but it failed miserably. Poe then went through a string of odd jobs, but always found they didn’t earn enough. Poe continued to write short stories and poems during this time, but they never earned much. Perhaps his most famous story during this time was “ The Golden Bug”. In 1845, Virginia became ill with Tuberculosis. In 1847, Virginia died. It was during this time, he wrote the poem “The Bells”.

            Poe never recovered from the loss of his wife. He continued to write short stories and poems, but never gained much notoriety for them. Eventually Poe tried to turn his life around. He was on his way to an interview in New York City, for a newspaper there, but accidentally took the wrong train. Poe was later found in a poor house in Baltimore. He was rushed to a hospital, but died on October 7, 1849. No one knows what the cause of Poe’s death was.

Biography Links: